Mahjong
A tile game originating in China and played worldwide in many regional forms. Players draw and discard tiles from a shared wall to complete a winning hand of melds and a pair. The 136-tile core, three numerical suits, wind tiles, and dragon tiles, is common to most variants.
- Hong Kong Mahjong — The most widely played Cantonese ruleset. 144 tiles including 8 flower and season bonus tiles. Faan-based scoring with a minimum hand value to win.
- Riichi (Japanese) — 136 tiles, no bonus tiles. Yaku requirement, Riichi declaration, Furiten rule, han and fu scoring with named limits.
- Taiwanese 16-Tile — 144 tiles, 16-tile hands requiring five melds and one pair. Multiple winners from a single discard are possible.
- Zung Jung — 136 tiles. Alan Kwan’s competition system. 44 named patterns, additive scoring, 320-point limit.
- American Mahjong (Classic) — The Babcock-era form (1920–1935). 152 tiles with 8 jokers and the Charleston passing ritual. Fixed classical winning hand patterns; pre-dates the annual NMJL card system.
American Mahjong (Modern / NMJL)
Modern American Mahjong uses an annually-updated scorecard published by the National Mah Jongg League (NMJL), copyrighted each year. The specific winning hands on the current card cannot be reproduced without a licence. Moddable instead implements the Classic (Babcock-era) variant, which pre-dates the card system. See American Mahjong (Classic).